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Big Hole
The Big Hole, Open Mine, Kimberley Mine or Tim Kuilmine〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.koekais.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/Griekwastad%20Tourism%20Brochure.pdf?cdp=a )〕 ((アフリカーンス語:Groot Gat)) is an open-pit and underground mine in Kimberley, South Africa, and claimed to be the largest hole excavated by hand, although this claim is disputed.〔http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Big-Hole-loses-claim-to-fame-20050519〕
==History and size==
The first diamonds here were found on Colesberg Kopje by members of the "Red Cap Party" from Colesberg on the farm ''Vooruitzigt'' belonging to the De Beers brothers, in 1871. The ensuing scramble for claims led to the place being called New Rush, later renamed Kimberley.〔Roberts, Brian. 1976. ''Kimberley, turbulent city''. Cape Town: David Philip & Kimberley Historical Society〕 From mid-July 1871〔 to 1914 up to 50,000 miners dug the hole with picks and shovels, yielding of diamonds. The Big Hole has a surface of and is wide. It was excavated to a depth of , but then partially infilled with debris reducing its depth to about . Since then it has accumulated about of water, leaving of the hole visible. Once above-ground operations became too dangerous and unproductive, the kimberlite pipe of the Kimberley Mine was also mined underground by Cecil Rhodes' De Beers company to a depth of .〔(Show mines of South Africa: Kimberley Mine - Big Hole )〕
There is currently an effort in progress to register the Big Hole as a World Heritage Site.〔(Bid to plug Big Hole worldwide, News24 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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